Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common, chronic skin condition that causes inflammation, redness, and irritation. While eczema can affect anyone, it is most prevalent in children, though it can occur at any age. If you’re struggling with eczema flare-ups, you’re not alone—our experienced dermatologists are here to help you understand and manage your symptoms for healthier, more comfortable skin.

What Is Eczema?

Eczema is an inflammatory condition that results in dry, itchy, and often red skin. It can occur anywhere on the body, but it’s most commonly found on the face, hands, elbows, and behind the knees. The exact cause of eczema isn’t fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic factors and environmental triggers.

The condition is often linked to a weakened skin barrier, which means that your skin has a harder time keeping moisture in and irritants out. As a result, the skin becomes dry, itchy, and inflamed, which can lead to secondary infections if left untreated.

Common Symptoms of Eczema

• Itchy, dry patches of skin that may become inflamed and red.
• Rough, scaly skin or thickened areas of skin (especially with chronic eczema).
• Cracking or bleeding skin from excessive dryness.
• Oozing blisters or fluid-filled bumps in more severe cases.
• Darkened skin (hyperpigmentation) or lighter skin in affected areas due to long-term irritation.

Triggers That Can Make Eczema Worse

Eczema flare-ups can be triggered by a variety of factors, including:

• Dry skin (especially in cold or dry weather).
• Harsh soaps, detergents, or chemicals.
• Allergens like pet dander, pollen, or dust mites.
• Stress or emotional factors.
• Food sensitivities (such as dairy or gluten).
• Temperature changes or sweating.

Identifying your personal triggers and working to avoid them is key to managing eczema effectively.

How to Treat Eczema

1. Topical Treatments

• Corticosteroid Creams & Ointments: These are the most common treatment for eczema flare-ups. They help reduce inflammation and calm itching. Your dermatologist will recommend the right strength for your specific needs.
• Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCIs): These medications, like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, are non-steroidal treatments that can help manage eczema, especially in sensitive areas like the face and eyelids.
• Moisturizers: Regular use of fragrance-free, thick moisturizers is crucial to keep your skin hydrated and restore the skin barrier.

2. Oral Medications

• Antihistamines: These can help reduce itching and improve sleep during flare-ups.
• Oral Steroids: For severe cases, short-term oral steroids may be prescribed to bring inflammation under control.
• Immunosuppressants: In more persistent cases, oral medications like cyclosporine or methotrexate may be prescribed to suppress the immune system’s response that triggers eczema.

3. Light Therapy (Phototherapy)

For moderate to severe eczema that doesn’t respond to topical treatments, light therapy may be an option. This involves controlled exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light to reduce inflammation and improve skin appearance.

4. Lifestyle & Home Care

• Daily Skin Care Routine: Moisturize right after bathing and avoid harsh soaps. Opt for gentle, fragrance-free products to protect your skin’s barrier.
• Avoid Scratching: While the itch can be intense, scratching can worsen the condition and lead to skin infections. Keeping nails short and wearing cotton gloves at night can help minimize damage.
• Identifying Triggers: Work with your dermatologist to pinpoint and avoid personal eczema triggers, whether they are environmental, dietary, or emotional.